| author's intentional choice of words. | – |
| Intentional, extreme exaggeration used to create a strong emotional impact | – |
| intentionally understates something to make it seem less significant, smaller, or less severe | – |
| a figure of speech that directly compares two unrelated things by stating that one thing is another | – |
| seemingly self-contradictory statement or scenario that, upon closer examination, reveals a deeper, hidden truth | – |
| non-human entities—such as animals, objects, or abstract concepts—are given human characteristics, emotions, or behaviors | – |
| a figure of speech that directly compares two unlike things using connecting words like "like," "as," or "than." | – |
| Someone who does the speaking directly | – |
| blends different sensory modalities, describing one sense in terms of another (e.g., perceiving a sound as a color) | – |
| art of something is used to represent the whole, or occasionally, a whole represents the part (e.g., hand represents whole human) | – |